翻译考试小知识点归纳：文化风俗类

1．母系氏族社会时期the matrilineal society period 2.中国农(阴)历the Chinese Lunar Calendar/the Agricultural Calendar 阳历the Solar/Gregorian Calendar, 台历desk calendar/datebook 3.24节气the 24 Solar Terms/24 seasonal division points (立春spring commences; 春分vernal equinox; 谷雨corn rain; 惊蛰insects waken; 清明bright and clear;

立夏summer commences; 小满corn forms;芒种corn on ear; 夏至summer solstice;小暑moderate heat; 大暑great heat; 立秋Autumn commences; 处暑end of heat; 白露white dew;

寒露cold dew; 秋分autumnal equinox; 霜降frost; 立冬winter commences; 小雪light snow; 冬至winter solstice; 大雪heavy snow;小寒moderate cold; 大寒severe cold;)

4.闰月the leap month

5.过年guo-nian/have the Spring Festival: 辞旧迎新bid farewell

to the old year and usher in the new /ring out the old year and ring in the new，驱邪ward off the

evil ghosts/spirits; 避邪avoid evilness除夕New Year’s Eve/eve of lunar New Year; 初一the Beiginning of the New Year; 对联poetic couplet/Chinese couplet(春联Spring Festival Couplets,

喜联wedding couplets, 寿联longevity couplets, 挽联elegiac couplets,装饰联decorative couplets, 行业联trade couplets, 交际联social couplets, 杂联miscellaneous couplets ); 年糕

nian-gao/New Year Cake;年画New Year paintings; 买年货Special Purchase for the Spring Festival/do Spring Festival shopping; 饺子jiao-zi; 汤圆tang-yuan; sweet sticky rice dumplings 元宵; 八宝饭eight treasures rice pudding; 红包red packages;压岁钱gift money;剪纸paper-cuts; 灯笼lantern/a portable light;灯会exhibit of lantern; 灯谜riddles written on lanterns; 拜年give New Year’s greetings/New Year’s visit; 扫房Spring Cleaning/general house cleaing; 舞狮lion dance, 舞龙dragon dancing; 戏曲traditional opera; 6.十二生肖the twelve Animal Signs/Chinese zodiac，本命年one’s year of life , heavenly

stem 天干earthly branch 地支,ox 牛rooster 鸡, year of monkey 猴年, one’s year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches 本命

年7.中原地区central China; 8.清明节Tomb Sweeping Day/Qingming Festival, 七夕节Double seventh Festival (牛郎the Cow Boy, 织女the Weaver Girl); 泼水节Water Sprinkling Festival; 端午节Duanwu or Dragon Boat Festival; 重阳节the Double Ninth Festival/Senior’s Day， climb mountain 登高9.民间传说folk legend;凡人mortals; 神仙immortals(玉皇

大帝the Jade Emperor; 王母娘娘the queen Mother of West, 雷公Thunder God, 佛Budha,

（佛教Buddhism: 藏经楼depositary of Buddhist sutra, 藏经洞 a cave for preserving Buddhist sutra, 禅Dhyana/Zen, 禅宗Zen, 禅宗大师Zen master，大藏经Tripitaka，大乘

佛教Great Vehicle （from south），小大乘佛教Lesser Vehicle （from nouth），大雄宝殿the Great Buddha’s Hall，大昭寺Jokhang Temple，地藏god of earth，佛龛Shrine，十八罗

汉the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha，罗汉堂Arhat Hall，释迦牟尼Sakyamuni，四大

金刚Four Heavenly Guardians，or Four Devarajas，涅磐nirvana，因果报应karma，藏

学Tibetology，喇嘛教Lamaism，喇嘛庙Lamasery，转世reincarnation，转世灵童reincarnated soul boy，异教徒infidel，）南极仙翁the South-Pole Star of Longevity(be symbolic of long lives/be a symbol of long lives), 太上老君the Supreme Old Lord, 关帝the

Lord Guan, 灶神the Kitchen God, 如来Tathadata, 观音Guanyin Bodhisattva, 财神God of Wealth/Fortune, 被供作… be worshiped as )，八卦Eight Trigrams，宿命论determinism，

女神goddess，启蒙运动enlightenment，先知illuminati，实证主义positivism ，摩门

教Mormon，古兰经the Koran，素菜馆vegetarian restaurant，清真寺Mosque，耶和华

见证会Jehovah’s witness，基督教新教Protestant，基督科学会Scientology，宗教仪式（religious）ritual，10.皇宫imperial palace; 11. ….的文化内涵a cultural sidelight of 12.

熟人acquaintances 13.淑女fair lady 14.结拜兄弟sworn brothers 15.中国印章Chinese